The Patharughat Revolt of 1894 – Remembering Assam’s Bravehearts Through Philately

The Patharughat Revolt of 1894 stands as one of the most significant uprisings in the history of India’s nationalist movement. Sparked by the exploitation of peasants through excessive land taxes, this rebellion reflected the growing spirit of resistance against colonial rule in Assam.

Background – Peasant Hardships Under Colonial Policies

By the late 19th century, the British had firmly established a plantation economy in Assam. To increase revenue and push peasants into the labor market, land taxes were repeatedly raised between 1826 and 1893, devastating the traditional rural economy.

Unable to bear the crushing burden, peasants began organizing protests, rallies, and assemblies across Kamrup and Darrang districts. Their discontent culminated in Patharughat, a small town in Darrang, where villagers united under the Raijmel (People’s Assembly) to resist the tax hikes.

The Uprising of 1894

In January 1894, tensions reached a boiling point. When peasants gathered at Patharughat to voice their demands, the British authorities, led by Deputy Commissioner J.D. Anderson and Superintendent of Police J.R. Berington, attempted to suppress the movement.

On 28 January 1894, as unarmed peasants confronted officials, demanding justice, the British troops opened fire on the crowd.

• Official records claimed 15 deaths and 37 injuries.
• Folk memory, preserved in the Assamese ballad Dolipuran, tells a different story, mourning the loss of around 140 peasants.

Despite being unarmed, the peasants displayed remarkable courage, refusing to bow to colonial oppression.

Historical Significance

The Patharughat Revolt was more than a local protest — it was a powerful assertion of peasant consciousness and resistance. The collective strength of Assam’s rural communities proved that ordinary villagers were aware of injustice and capable of organizing effective opposition to colonial rule.

Like other peasant uprisings in India, Patharughat became a symbol of defiance, laying the groundwork for India’s broader freedom struggle.

Honoring the Heroes Through Philately

To pay tribute to these unsung heroes, the Department of Posts has issued a commemorative postage stamp dedicated to the Patharughat Rebellion of 1894.

This stamp is more than a postal artifact — it is a symbol of sacrifice, resilience, and the spirit of freedom. For philatelists, it carries both historical and emotional value, preserving the memory of Assam’s brave peasants who stood firm against injustice.

Through this commemorative stamp, we honor the bravehearts of Patharughat, ensuring their legacy continues to inspire future generations.