Surjya Sen (1894-1934) Commemoration

Surjya Sen, affectionately known as ‘Masterda’, was born on March 22, 1894, in the village of Noapara, District Chittagong (now in Bangladesh), into a lower middle-class family. After completing his graduation, he embarked on a career as a teacher in Chittagong, but soon dedicated himself to the cause of revolution, firmly believing that the British rule in India could only be overthrown through force.

His first significant act of resistance occurred in 1923 when he orchestrated a raid on the funds of the Assam Bengal Railway, successfully securing around Rs. 18,000. Despite being arrested and enduring a prolonged trial, he and his comrades were eventually released. Undeterred, Surya Sen continued his revolutionary activities, facing periods of imprisonment along the way.

Under his leadership, the Chittagong Republican Army was formed, characterized by its fearless courage and determination, earning their plan the moniker “Programme of Death.” On April 18, 1930, the Chittagong Republican Army launched a surprise attack, seizing control of key government facilities in Chittagong and effectively cutting off the city from the rest of India.

In subsequent engagements with British forces, including the notable battle on Jalalabad hill on April 22, 1930, many of Surya Sen’s comrades were martyred, and he himself went underground, expanding his activities to neighboring districts. However, in February 1933, the British authorities finally captured him.

After a brief trial, Surya Sen was sentenced to death and executed at midnight on January 12, 1934. Before facing the gallows, his last message to his followers was one of unwavering courage and determination, urging them to continue the struggle with confidence and conviction.

In honor of this great patriot and revolutionary, the P & T Department feels privileged to issue a commemorative stamp, paying homage to his indomitable spirit and sacrifice for the cause of India’s freedom.