Type WDM Diesel Locomotive, 1963

The steam locomotive holds a special place in the history of industrialization and transportation, symbolizing progress and innovation. In India, the era of steam locomotives began on December 22, 1851, with the introduction of the “Thompson” locomotive during the construction of the Solani Aqueduct near Roorkee in Uttar Pradesh. The first public train service powered by steam locomotives commenced on April 16, 1853, between Bombay and Thana.

As the railway network expanded across the country, the steam locomotive, affectionately known as the ‘Iron Horse,’ played a pivotal role in carrying passengers and goods, contributing to industrialization, urbanization, and economic development. Indigenous manufacturing of locomotives commenced in the Railway Workshops at Jamalpur and Ajmer in the late 19th century, influenced by designs from the United Kingdom but tailored to local requirements. Standardization of designs began in 1903, leading to the establishment of a Locomotive Standards Committee in 1924 to further develop indigenous expertise.

Following independence, India established its first steam locomotive manufacturing unit at Chittaranjan in 1950, producing 2,351 steam locomotives by 1972. However, as diesel and electric locomotives gained prominence globally, India also began manufacturing these types. The Diesel Locomotive Works in Varanasi started in 1964, while electric locomotive production commenced at the Chittaranjan unit in 1961.

Today, the Indian Railways possess a fleet of 8,682 steam locomotives, 1,702 diesel locomotives, and 729 electric locomotives. Among these, the WDM2 Diesel locomotive stands out as the most widely used, with a capacity of 2,600 horsepower and the capability to haul freight and mail trains efficiently. These locomotives play a crucial role in transporting goods and passengers across the vast railway network of India, contributing significantly to the country’s transportation infrastructure and economic growth.