Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande

bVishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (1860-1936) stands as a towering figure in the renaissance of Hindustani music, marking a period of significant cultural awakening in India. Born on August 10, 1860, his birth anniversary is traditionally celebrated on Janmashtami Day, symbolizing his profound connection to Indian classical traditions. In honor of his contributions, a special 15 nP. postage stamp was issued by the Posts and Telegraph Department on September 1, marking the 101st anniversary of his birth.

Bhatkhande’s journey into the realm of music began during his college days at Elphinston College, Bombay, where he started learning the sitar and vocal music. His interest in music extended beyond practical training; he delved into ancient texts such as “Bharat Natya Shashtra” and “Sangeet Ratnakar,” recognizing discrepancies between traditional theory and contemporary practice.

Realizing the need for systematic organization and classification of Hindustani music, Bhatkhande embarked on a monumental mission to document and systematize prevailing musical forms and compositions. He traversed India, visiting libraries and private collections to acquire ancient texts in various languages. Despite facing challenges from conservative musicians reluctant to share their knowledge, Bhatkhande meticulously recorded compositions in correct notation, preserving invaluable musical heritage for future generations.

Bhatkhande’s seminal work culminated in the publication of “Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati,” a comprehensive four-volume treatise detailing practical ragas and their theoretical background. He also played a pivotal role in establishing music schools and colleges, including the Madhav Music College in Gwalior and the Morris College of Music in Lucknow, to impart structured musical education.

His textbooks, known as “Hindustani Sangeet Karmik Pustak Mallika,” remain authoritative sources on Hindustani music theory and practice. Bhatkhande’s dedication to the cause of music extended until his passing on September 19, 1936, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to shape the renaissance of Hindustani music.

In addition to his written works, Bhatkhande edited and published numerous ancient manuscripts, further enriching the repository of Indian musical heritage. His tireless efforts in discovering, documenting, and systematizing Hindustani music have earned him a place of reverence and admiration in the annals of Indian classical music history.