Kolkata Police Commissionerate

Introduction

The Kolkata Police is one of the oldest and most prominent police forces in India. Over the years, it has played a crucial role in maintaining law and order, preventing crime, and ensuring the safety of citizens in the historic city of Kolkata.

Early Beginnings of Policing

The origins of policing in Kolkata date back to 1704 when a watch and ward unit was established to protect the life and property of residents in the township. In 1720, the East India Company formally appointed the Zamindar of Calcutta to supervise both civil and criminal administration, assisted by Indian officials.

By 1778, the strength of the police force in Calcutta had increased and the administration was controlled by Thanadars and Naibs under a Superintendent.

Police Reforms and Establishment of Commissionerate

In 1829, a committee of six members was appointed by William Bentinck to examine and recommend reforms in the police system. Later, in 1845, another committee led by Mr. Patton was appointed to further review the police administration.

The Patton Committee recommended the appointment of a Commissioner of Police with powers of a Justice of Peace to maintain order and effectively prevent and detect crimes. Based on these recommendations, Act XIII of 1856 was enacted after receiving the assent of the Governor-General on 13 June 1856.

Following this Act, the police force was reorganized and the Calcutta Police became a separate organization. S. Wauchope, who was then the Chief Magistrate, was appointed as the first Commissioner of Police in November 1856.

Growth and Expansion

From its modest beginnings, the Kolkata Police has grown into a large and efficient force with more than 26,000 personnel. The police jurisdiction extends over an area of about 104 square kilometres, serving a resident population of over five million people, along with a floating population of more than 2.5 million.

Policing in such a large and dynamic city presents unique challenges, which the force has managed with dedication and professionalism.

Role and Responsibilities

The Kolkata Police has consistently served the city with sincerity and commitment. Its responsibilities include maintaining law and order, preventing and detecting crimes, controlling communal violence, managing disasters, and ensuring internal security.

The Police Commissionerate System enables quick and effective decision-making through a centralized chain of command and control.

Police Headquarters – Lal Bazar

Over time, the headquarters of the police force shifted locations several times. In 1720, the police establishment was located east of Norton’s Buildings. In 1784, it moved to a building known as the “Harmonic Tavern,” and later to the residence of John Palmer.

In 1835, the government purchased this property for the police headquarters. The building was demolished in 1914 to construct a new structure, and in November 1918 the present headquarters, popularly known as Lalbazar Police Headquarters, was completed.

Community Policing Initiatives

As a people-friendly force, Kolkata Police has introduced several proactive initiatives to involve citizens in maintaining safety and harmony in the city. Community policing programmes encourage regular interaction between police stations and local communities.

Special programmes include women’s counselling centres to support victims of domestic violence and harassment. Initiatives such as the Nabadisha education programme for street children, the Friendship Cup for youth, and regular blood donation drives demonstrate the force’s commitment to social welfare and community development.

Commemorative Postage Stamp

In recognition of the dedicated service rendered by the Kolkata Police over 150 years, the Department of Posts issued a commemorative postage stamp to honour its contribution to maintaining peace, security, and public welfare in the city of Kolkata.