Rickshaws

An Evolving Journey of Urban Mobility

Introduction

Rickshaws occupy a significant place in India’s transportation heritage as a bridge between traditional and modern mobility. Introduced in the late 19th century, rickshaws evolved into one of the most accessible, affordable, and people-friendly means of transport, especially in Indian towns and cities. Over time, they transformed from manually pulled vehicles to cycle and motorised forms, becoming an integral part of India’s public transport system.

Arrival and Early Use in India

Rickshaws first appeared in India around 1880, initially seen in Shimla and later introduced in Kolkata two decades later. They were brought to Kolkata mainly by Chinese traders, who used them for transporting goods. For many peasants migrating from rural areas to cities, pulling a rickshaw became their first source of livelihood.

The earliest version, known as the hand-pulled rickshaw, was a two- or three-wheeled carriage pulled by a single person using a harness attached to the vehicle.

Design and Evolution

The term rickshaw was first recorded in 1887. Since then, the mode of transport has undergone remarkable transformation:

Type of Rickshaw	Description
Hand-Pulled Rickshaw	Human-powered; pulled by a person on foot
Cycle Rickshaw	Pedal-driven, with seating for passengers
Auto Rickshaw	Motorised three-wheeler, now widely used in cities
School & Goods Rickshaws	Modified versions for transporting children or goods

This evolution reflects India’s shift from manual labour-driven to mechanised community transport.

Role in Social and Urban Life

Rickshaws became a lifeline for millions due to their affordability, convenience, and ability to navigate narrow streets—especially in densely populated urban areas. They contributed to:

✔ Employment for urban poor and migrants
✔ Short-distance urban connectivity
✔ Eco-friendly and low-cost mobility

Even today, traditional cycle rickshaws and auto rickshaws continue to be used, particularly in small towns and congested city markets.

Cultural Significance and Decline of Hand-Pulled Rickshaws

While cycle and auto rickshaws remain common, the hand-pulled rickshaw is now seen as a fading and labour-intensive practice. In many regions, it has been phased out for ethical and modernisation reasons. Yet, in Kolkata, a limited number still operate and are viewed as a living heritage of the city’s transport history.

Featured in the India Post Stamp Series

India Post has highlighted the evolution of transportation through a special stamp series, with four stamps showcasing different versions of rickshaws used across India. These stamps pay tribute to the humble rickshaw—an enduring symbol of resilience, livelihood, and mobility.