Palanquins

A Regal Symbol of Traditional Indian Transport

Introduction

Among the earliest modes of human transport in India, palanquins—popularly known as palkis—hold a special place in the cultural and social history of the country. Before the advent of wheeled or motorised transportation, palanquins served as an elegant and distinguished means of travel for the nobility, women of high status, and during ceremonial occasions. They represent the grace, heritage, and social customs of ancient and medieval India.

Origin and Meaning

The word palanquin or palki is derived from the Sanskrit term ‘Palanki’, meaning a bed or couch. True to this definition, the palanquin was designed as a comfortable, enclosed carriage that offered privacy and dignity to the passenger. Traditionally crafted from wood, it had doors on both sides, ensuring ease of access while maintaining seclusion.

Design and Structure

A typical palanquin was:

• Made of wood, often carved and decorated
• Designed in a compact, enclosed format
• Equipped with a long cylindrical pole fixed through its length
• Carried by four to six bearers, who transported it on their shoulders

The craftsmanship often depended on the status of the user—ranging from simple bamboo structures for commoners to intricately adorned versions for royalty.

Cultural and Historical Significance

The use of palanquins can be traced back to ancient Indian texts, including references in the Ramayana. Over time, they became an important symbol of honour and prestige, especially in the medieval era.

Key cultural roles included:
✔ Wedding Ceremonies – Brides traditionally arrived or were carried in a palki, a custom still seen in many regions of India
✔ Transport for Noble Women – Provided privacy and comfort for queens, princesses and aristocratic ladies
✔ Symbol of Royalty and Elite Travel – Preferred by kings, landlords, and wealthy families

Decline and Present-Day Relevance

With the arrival of rickshaws in the 1930s and the gradual expansion of modern transport systems, the use of palanquins faded from everyday life. Today, they survive mainly as cultural artefacts and are used prominently only in:

• Traditional weddings
• Religious processions
• Festive or ceremonial events

Palanquins now embody heritage rather than utility, serving as a reminder of India’s rich historical traditions of travel and lifestyle.

Featured in the India Post Stamp Series

India Post has honoured the evolution of transportation through a special series of 20 stamps, with the first four stamps dedicated to Palanquins. These stamps beautifully illustrate the diverse designs of palanquins that once dominated the Indian landscape, celebrating their historical significance and cultural value.