Pauliteiros Dance

A Folk Tradition from Terras de Miranda

In the picturesque region of Terras de Miranda, nestled in northeastern Portugal, lives a centuries-old tradition that celebrates rhythm, unity, and rural life — the Pauliteiros Dance. This captivating folk performance is carried out by a group of eight men and three musicians, forming an ensemble that blends sound, movement, and storytelling into one graceful cultural expression.

Recognized for its energetic choreography using wooden sticks, the Pauliteiros Dance reflects Portugal’s deep-rooted sense of community and continuity. The dancers wear traditional attire — embroidered skirts, white linen shirts, brown waistcoats, leather boots, woolen socks, and flower-adorned hats — embodying the charm of the Portuguese countryside and its artisanal legacy.

The Music and the Lhacos

The rhythmic clatter of sticks is perfectly synchronized with the vibrant sounds of the bagpipe, snare drum, and brass drum, occasionally accompanied by the flauta pastoral (a traditional recorder) and the castanet, known locally as the Lhaco.

Each dance sequence, also called a Lhaco, includes its own melody, text, and choreography — many of which are performed in Mirandese, the local language of Terras de Miranda. This not only preserves the linguistic identity of the region but also showcases Portugal’s dedication to safeguarding its intangible heritage.

Origins of a Living Tradition

The true origin of the Pauliteiros Dance remains wrapped in mystery. Some historians trace its lineage back to ancient sword dances from Transylvania during the Iron Age, which gradually spread across Europe before reaching the Iberian Peninsula. Over time, the swords were replaced with sticks, turning martial rituals into celebrations of fertility, harvest, and community life.

By the 10th century, the Christian Church adopted the Pauliteiros Dance into local festivals honoring saints, often coinciding with the solstice and equinox. Through centuries of adaptation, the dance survived wars, cultural shifts, and modernization — thriving as a cherished tradition symbolizing Portugal’s enduring spirit.

Even today, the Pauliteiros travel from village to village, performing during religious processions and community gatherings. Their dances are a joyful offering, often accompanied by the collection of alms — a humble reminder of how culture and faith intertwine in everyday life.

Commemorating the Pauliteiros in Philately

In recognition of this beautiful tradition, the Department of Posts, India, in collaboration with Correios de Portugal, released a Joint Commemorative Stamp Issue showcasing the Pauliteiros Dance alongside India’s vibrant Dandiya Dance.

This philatelic release celebrates not only folk artistry but also the enduring friendship between India and Portugal. Through the rhythmic language of dance, the two nations come together in harmony — honoring their shared heritage, creativity, and commitment to cultural preservation.