Shyam Rai Temple, Bishnupur

The Shyam Rai Temple, Bishnupur, located in West Bengal, is one of the finest examples of Bengal’s celebrated terracotta temple architecture. Built in 1643 AD by Malla King Raghunath Singha, the temple reflects the artistic brilliance and devotional traditions that flourished under the Malla rulers of Bishnupur.

The temple stands on a low square platform and follows the distinctive char-chala architectural style, with a closed roof surmounted by a central sikhara. A unique feature of the Shyam Rai Temple is its five-tower composition—the four corner towers are square in shape, while the central tower is octagonal, creating a harmonious and balanced superstructure that is rare in Bengal temple design.

Each of the four sides of the temple is provided with triple multi-cusped arched gateways, allowing access to the sanctum. Around the sanctum runs a covered ambulatory passage, enabling devotees to perform circumambulation while remaining within the temple enclosure. This thoughtful spatial design adds both ritual and architectural depth to the monument.

The external and internal walls of the Shyam Rai Temple are richly adorned with terracotta plaques, showcasing an extraordinary range of themes. These include vivid depictions of Krishna Leela, episodes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, as well as detailed portrayals of the socio-economic and political life of the period. Through these panels, the temple serves not only as a religious structure but also as a visual chronicle of 17th-century Bengal.

Commemorative Postage Stamps

Acknowledging the cultural and artistic significance of India’s terracotta temples, the Department of Posts has issued a set of Commemorative Postage Stamps on the Terracotta Temples of India. The Shyam Rai Temple, Bishnupur, forms an important part of this series, honoring its exceptional architecture and its enduring contribution to India’s rich architectural heritage.