Nain Singh

Introduction

Nain Singh Rawat was one of the most courageous and skilled explorers associated with the Great Trigonometrical Survey conducted by the Survey of India. His daring expeditions and accurate observations made a significant contribution to geographical knowledge and the mapping of regions that were then unknown to the outside world.

Role in the Great Trigonometrical Survey

During the 19th century, much of Tibet remained closed to foreigners by official decree. Despite this restriction, Nain Singh accepted the difficult challenge of surveying the region secretly for the Survey of India. His work helped expand the geographical understanding of Central Asia and the Himalayan region.

Secret Exploration of Tibet

To carry out his mission, Nain Singh entered Tibet disguised as a Buddhist lama. While outwardly carrying religious items such as a prayer wheel and rosary, he secretly transported important surveying instruments hidden in a special compartment of his trunk. These included a compass, sextant, thermometer, chronometer, and a bottle of mercury, which enabled him to perform accurate scientific observations during his journey.

Survey Achievements

Over a period of 21 months, Nain Singh travelled and surveyed nearly 2000 kilometres of important trade routes across Tibet. During this remarkable expedition, he recorded 31 latitude readings and determined the elevation of 33 locations. One of his most important achievements was following the course of the Tsangpo River for about 800 kilometres. His observations helped establish that the Tsangpo River was the same as the Brahmaputra River.

Contribution and Legacy

The daring work of Nain Singh significantly enriched the geographical and scientific knowledge of the Himalayan region. His accurate surveys and observations helped improve maps and contributed to the success of the Great Trigonometrical Survey. His achievements remain a remarkable example of courage, intelligence, and dedication to scientific exploration.

Commemorative Postage Stamp

In recognition of his outstanding contribution, India Post issued a commemorative postage stamp featuring Nain Singh Rawat as part of a Miniature Sheet on the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India. The stamp also depicts surveying instruments such as the theodolite, symbolizing the remarkable scientific efforts that enabled the precise mapping of the Indian subcontinent.